Groupage

• Security seal – an additional form of cargo security during carriage. It aims to increase the safety level of the transported cargo by preventing the carrier and third parties from accessing the shipment. Access to the cargo can be gained only breaking the seal.
• Cargo insurance – a type of one-time insurance of cargo (goods) in transport. This insurance protects your cargo from the moment of collection until delivery to the final destination and covers loading, unloading and storage. Under the CARGO insurance, the goods are insured during transport to their full value specified in the documents.

• Transport documents – collection of documents containing information on the shipment throughout the supply chain. The most commonly used document is a bill of lading.
• Proof of delivery (POD) – receipt of cargo signed by the consignee at delivery. There are various types of documents confirming the receipt of goods (WZ, bill of lading, CMR documents)
• Electronic invoice (e-invoice) – an invoice issued and sent electronically, which is an ecological equivalent of a paper form containing the same data. The e-invoice is sent as a PDF file with a secure electronic signature and it is used to speed up the circulation of documents and allow for earlier financial settlement.
• National Carriage Letter (LP) – a transport document confirming the receipt of the consignment. It is issued by the customer on the form used by the carrier.
• CMR document – a basic document relating to the carriage of goods (this document confirms the conclusion of a contract of international transport carriage). The CMR document is issued in 3 copies. Each of them has the same legal force. The CMR sender is a representative of the party responsible for transport management and the recipient of the first copy. The second copy is sent with the shipment and the third is for the carrier. The basic information contained in the CMR includes:
  • sender,
  • carrier,
  • consignee,
  • cargo,
  • date and place of loading,
  • agreed place of delivery,
  • carriage costs,
  • the instructions necessary to complete the customs formalities and the list of documents handed to the driver.

All parties have the option of making changes to CMR document, but the consignee is responsible for damages and costs resulting from misrepresentation or misleading details. The CMR is completed in the language of the country of origin, registered and serves as a valid document.

• CBM – cubic meter of the cargo measured in three dimensions (length*width*height).
• LDM – loading meter of cargo measured at the length of a semi-trailer or other vehicle used for the carriage of goods.

• Gross weight – total weight of goods, including packaging in kilograms.
• Net weight – total weight of cargo itself, in kilograms but without packaging and securing devices.

• Half pallet – wooden pallet with base dimensions of 600x800mm.
• Euro pallet – wooden pallet, conforming to UIC 435-2 and labelled with “EUR”, with base dimensions of 1200x800mm.
• Industrial pallet – wooden pallet with base dimensions of 1200x1000mm.
• Custom pallet – different types of pallets with dimensions different from standard pallets: euro and industrial.

• Less than Trailer Load (LTL) –the carriage of several pallets, usually not exceeding a total of 3500kg gross weight. It is characterized by the consolidation of consignments from different customers,
• Part Load – this service consists of a combination of at least two loads and their carriage by one means of transport based on two transport documents (CMR). This solution reduces the unit cost of transport while increasing the delivery time.
• Full Trailer Load (FTL) – a service involving the transport of loads in quantities permitting the use of the entire transport unit.
• Direct Load – this service is addressed to customers carrying valuable, urgent or vulnerable goods. The goods are carried by dedicated vehicles directly to a specific location. Transport is carried out under a single consignment note. Dedicated transport is more expensive than part load transport.

• Neutral goods – non-sensitive goods, which do not to be transported under special conditions or with additional permissions.
• Goods under monitoring system – goods included in the road monitoring system - these are high-risk goods carried within the territory of a country, including excise goods, specified in the Act on the System of Monitoring the carriage of Goods by Road of 9 March 2017. The permissible gross weight / volume cannot exceed 500 kg / litre.
• Dangerous goods (ADR) – material or object whose transportation is prohibited or permitted only under certain conditions. Road transport of dangerous goods is regulated by:
  • the Act on the Road Transport of Dangerous Goods of 28 October 2002 (Journal of Laws of 2002, No. 199, item 1671 as amended);
  • the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) (OJ of 2002, No. 194, item 1629 as amended).
• Sensitive goods – goods which, because of their natural properties, are particularly exposed to the risk of damage (loss, theft, destruction, deterioration of quality). The definition of sensitive goods is subjective and depends on the policy of the insurance company. The most common goods in this group are:
  • alcohol,
  • household appliances and home electronics,
  • cigarettes and tobacco,
  • excise goods, fuels and components for their production,
  • goods subject to transport at controlled temperature,
  • medicines,
  • foods that require special transport.
• Temperature controlled goods – this service is carried out with special-purpose refrigerated semi-trailers fitted out with cooling units and requires particular caution at every stage of the transport process.

• Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) – a set of international sales rules that regulate the relationship between the seller and the buyer. The rules split the costs and liability between the buyer and the seller and specify the agreed type of transportation.
• CMR convention – relates to various legal issues concerning transportation of cargo by road. It has been ratified by the majority of European states. (Journal of Laws of 1962, No. 49, item 238). The CMR Convention introduces and harmonizes:
  • terms and conditions of carriage of goods by road,
  • transport documentation,
  • carrier liability,
  • complaint processing procedure,
  • claims,
  • transport carried out by several carriers,
  • information necessary for customs, additional shipping instructions and the sender's signature.